Furthering the Debate
At Tuesday's meeting of the CP/ZC Committee the issue of reducing lot size in R-Vl districts was discussed at length. It has been pointed out by many sources that this issue is essential to the future of Hamlin as a rural, agricultural community. The heart of the matter is this:
As a community do we take steps to help protect farmland from the forces of development or do we take steps to encourage the conversion of farms into housing. The "steps" of course are Zoning Laws.
That is the whole matter, succinctly and comprehensively. There are arguments on both sides and the debate makes all citizens confront a complex part of lawmaking:
How far can and should government go in regulating how and what an owner can do with their property.
First, we must establish the legitimacy of the concept that government should be permitted to do ANY regulating. To the best of my knowledge Zoning law was created in the US around the turn of the century in NYC. Zoning was necessary because the interests of one property owner had effects upon the property of those nearby. Often these effects would be negative. Back then, a person might decide to exploit their property by opening a slaughterhouse in the middle of a single family neighborhood. This would obviously have an impact on the neighbors. Legislators, supported by courts, approved laws which regulated the ways in which people could use their property in proximity to others.
In modern law, a town's Comprehensive Plan establishes the legitimacy of zoning regulations by basing them on issues of "health, safety and welfare" of the municipality. This idea has been through the courts to the point where it is inviolable. A legally elected government has the right and authority to control certain behaviors. Criminal law, obviously, but also traffic, agricultural, marketing, zoning, etc, etc, laws all do the same thing. They prohibit, upon punishment, certain behaviors. If we accept that laws are necessary to control human behavior than we must include zoning law in that arena. If we don't accept laws, then we are anarchists. America is a democracy based upon the rule of law.
I hope this establishes the legitimacy of zoning law in everyone's minds. From there, we confront the question of "How much?" There is no answer to that. How or how much is situational. For example, in regulating an explosives factory regulation might be absolute, and few would argue with that. In the case of, "How many domestic animals should be permitted on a 5 acre parcel?" there might be many opinions. In this situation we leave the decision to our duly elected officials. In a representative democracy we believe that those we elected will faithfully represent our views.
The best functioning form of this democracy allows and encourages wide ranging debate and input from the affected citizens. This input is balanced with facts and weighed with a view toward the future. A democratically organized municipality recognizes that it is a "living" thing, it grows and changes and decisions are not be made in a vacuum. Important regulations are determined within the context of the future.
That returns us to the question of 5 acre parcels in rural Hamlin as it is being discussed in the CP/ZC Committee. The debate is about regulations governing future development of farmland. The Chairman of the Zoning Board, Norm Baas, who is a retired farmer, is the strongest proponent advocating to reduce lot sizes. Farmer Dean Brightly, who was appointed by the Supervisor to "represent farmers on the west side" and claims to speak for all local farmers, supports smaller lots as well. Opposed to them are any number of people, residents of all kinds.
Supporters of the 5 acre rule have put forth many cogent arguments. They say smaller lots will not be practical because of the requirements of septic systems, soil needed to elevate houses and, most significantly, that smaller lots will encourage farmers to break up their parcels for development, thus speeding Hamlin's transition from agriculture to suburb. They point out that the NYS Agriculture and Markets Department recommends 10 acre minimum lots to defend against conversion of farmland to building parcels.
These are logical, forward looking positions. However, these people don't own the land in question, the farmers do. According to Mr. Baas and Mr. Brightly, the farmers support reducing the minimum lots.
The reasons offered by the farmers are less clear. These include problems of easement access, homeowners using the adjacent farmland for dumping and the occasional need to finance operations by selling off parcels.
The division can now be seen more clearly. It pits the owners of the land against other non-farming residents. The debate is about the long term effect of transitioning agricultural land to housing or commercial development. A situation the county and state has witnessed time and again.
From a logical perspective the farmer's arguments fail. Easement or property abuse problems can hardly be improved by creating more occasions for them. Smaller lot sizes mean more lots. More lots mean more potential for problems. This is not a sound argument for reducing the minimum.
As to selling parcels to finance farming operations, this is not a strong argument either. When an property owner appeals a zoning regulation to the Zoning Board they are required to prove 5 conditions. Two of the most important are: 1) Is the situation self created, and, 2) Is there another way to adequately exploit the property. This is not Hamlin law, it is State law.
In this case, the owners need or desire to sell an undersized parcel is entirely of his own doing. Secondly, the farmer is not prohibited from selling his property, he just has to sell the minimum required size. If Mr. Baas were using this argument in front of his own Board it would likely fail.
Something else must be said about the need to sell land to finance a farming operation. Most people familiar with agriculture would agree that a farmer who needs to liquidate property to stay in business is clearly on his way out of business. The raw material of farming is land. If you have to sell your raw materials, you will not be competing very long. The question of selling 2 verses 5 acres could hardly be very meaningful to a farmer who is desperate. Anyway, more money would come from selling 5 acres than 2.
While the points put forward by Mr. Baas and Mr. Brightly are not logical they have impact because they are emotional. In matters of law, emotional arguments should be disregarded since they have no legal basis. However, in Hamlin, arguments which are purely emotional in nature have frequently carried the day. Mr Baas is familiar with this fact since his Zoning Board itself has occasionally thrown the law out the window and decided appeals based entirely on emotional arguments. The record of lawsuits, which have found against the town and ZB, are proof.
The danger of an emotional argument is that it makes the position "sound right." Emotions color an argument misleading the issues. A person might assert that, "Farmers are hard working people. They are the backbone of America. They grow the nation's food. They have a right to decide what to do with their property!" All of the supporting statements may be true, but they are unrelated to the conclusion. Being hard working does not exempt a person from the law, whether it's criminal, civil or zoning law.
No person or group has special rights that place them above the law. If we agree to the rule of law, including zoning law, then the argument that farmers should have special rights is specious.
This brings us back to the central question: As a community, do we take steps to help protect farmland from the forces of development or do we take steps to encourage the conversion of farms into housing.
In the absence of a referendum or comprehensive survey I'm certain it's safe to assert that the vast majority of citizens support the ideas of protecting agriculture and maintaining Hamlin's rural character. I know this because of the many conversations I've had with residents who share their personal opinions and the opinions of their neighbors and friends. It is ironic that the one group which asserts it opposes these positions are the Farmers!
If Mr. Baas and Mr. Brightly are to be taken at their word, Hamlin farmers support laws which will make it easier for them to disassemble their farms and thereby accelerating the process of suburbanization. They want to be protected from problems with adjacent homeowners at the same time that they want laws making it easier to create more potential complaints. They claim they want to protect agriculture at the same time they advocate for laws which weaken protection. They seem to argue that the activity of farming invests farmers with special rights different from other citizens. They don't claim their position is logical only that it is "righteous."
Every citizen is subject to the law equally. None of has absolute freedom with our property and ownership of property does not grant any special rights. Suggesting that a certain type of business activity grants special privileges is wrong. A policeman cannot violate criminal laws, a farmer cannot violate zoning law. We all have to obey equally.
The charge to the CP/ZC Committee is to write laws for the future of the community. The whole community. If the group believes that 5 or 10 acre minimum lot sizes in R-Vl districts are the best protection for agriculture then that should be the law they write. Their conclusion should be based on facts and a logical debate of the issues. They should reject specious and emotional reasoning. Hamlin's future is at stake.
PS: As others have suggested, I urge this committee to solicit written arguments on this issue. It is too important to the community for advocates to be complacent. If there are valid arguments then put them in writing before the committee, the public and, eventually, the town Board who will be required to vote on the new code.